The weight of water condensed and collected is determined and expressed as percentage by weight of original sample. The portion that is … The ductility test is covered by “IS: 73-2006: Indian Standard Paving bitumen: Specifications, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 2006” and also by “IS: 1208-1978. The time in seconds required for the water to pierce into the float through the molten bitumen is noted; this is known as the ‘float test value’, expressed in seconds. This is useful for detecting overheating or cracked bitumen; this test is considered to be more sensitive than the solubility test for detection of cracking. Let us know in the comments what you think about the concepts in this article! The bitumen specimen should not contain more than 2.5% of paraffin scale so that its binding quality is not affected to such an extent that it is unsuitable for road work. The bitumen sample is heated and poured in the briquette mould placed on a plate. Image Guidelines 4. A cracked surface of a pavement is unsatisfactory for a number of reasons, the chief of which is that it allows water to penetrate into the courses of the pavement, affecting its stability. The apparatus is shown in Fig. If the logarithm is plotted for penetration against temperature, practically a straight line is obtained; this facilitates extrapolation. Solve this simple math problem and enter the result. SIR ALL TESTING PROCEDURE ON SOIL ARE VERY USEFUL WOULD YOU PLEASE MAIL ME TO ALL SOIL TESTS. The ductility test (ASTM D113) measures the distance a standard asphalt sample will stretch without breaking under a standard testing condition (5 cm/min at 25 °C). The viscosity of tar is determined in seconds (for 50 ml to flow through 10 mm orifice) at 35° to 55°C. Specifications for asphalt cements normally contain requirements for minimum ductility. IS specifications suggest a minimum ductility of 75 cm for bitumen of grade 45 and more. Both the viscosity test and the penetration test measure the consistency of an asphalt at some specified temperatures and are used to designate grades of asphalts. Owing to limitations on the size of the needle and the weight, penetrations less than 2 and greater than 500 cannot be measured satisfactorily. The lower the viscosity of an asphalt, the faster the asphalt will flow under the same stress. ‘Petrolenes’ in bitumen are soluble in naphtha, but ‘asphaltenes’ are insoluble. This test helps in assessing the susceptibility of bitumen to heating when exposed to hot conditions during mixing operations for bituminous mixes. The test is performed by heating an asphalt sample in an open cup at a specified rate and determining the temperature at which a small flame passing over the surface of the cup will cause the vapors from the asphalt sample temporarily to ignite or flash. It is desirable that the water content in bitumen is minimal to prevent foaming when heated above the boiling point of water. Penetration values cannot be correlated well with absolute viscosity. The temperature at which the earliest flash recurs is recorded as the flash point. Viscosity is defined as the ratio between the applied shear stress and induced shear rate of a fluid. The use of trichloroethylene will most likely be banned in the near future. The float test apparatus is shown in Fig. The needle of 1 mm diameter is allowed to penetrate under a total weight of 100g into a bitumen sample at 25°C for 5 seconds. One Pascal-second is equal to 10 Poises. The range of solubility in naphtha should be 60% to 75%. Bitumen shall be soluble in carbon tetrachloride to an extent of at least 1.5% more than in CS2. An indirect measure of viscosity is the extent of penetration of a standard needle under standard conditions of load, time and temperature. The bitumen content of a bituminous material is measured by means of its solubility in carbon disulfide. Some of the tests have evolved with the development of the industry and are empirical methods. Asphalt consists primarily of bitumens, which are high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons soluble in carbon disulfide. Flash point tests can also be used to detect contaminating materials such as gasoline or kerosine in an asphalt cement. The bitumen residue is used for further testing to determine the change in the value of penetration. Huge Collection of Essays, Research Papers and Articles on Business Management shared by visitors and users like you. The sides of the mould removed, the clips are hooked on the machine and the pointer on the scale set to zero. About 2 g of bitumen is dissolved in 10 ml of naphtha; a drop of this solution is placed on a filter paper – once after one hour and again after 24 hours. 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