THOR WAS NOT JUST THE PREFERRED GOD OF THE VIKING WARRIOR: HIS STRENGTH & DIRECT RESPONSE TO PROBLEMS APPEALED ACROSS THE SPECTRUM OF VIKING AGE SOCIAL CLASSES. Besides Old Norse Þórr, extensions of the god occur in Old English as Þunor and in Old High German as Donar (runic ᚦᛟᚾᚨᚱ þonar). In Georges Dumézil's trifunctional hypothesis of Indo-European religion, Thor represents the second function, that of strength. After kissing and loving his hammer as if it was his wife, he then takes everyone back to Valhalla in order to celebrate the return of his hammer. Mallory Keen witnesses Thor on his jog through Niflheim and decides to chase him to get out. Artists have also depicted Thor in painting and sculpture, including Henry Fuseli's 1780 painting Thor Battering the Midgard Serpent; H. E. Freund's 1821–1822 statue Thor; B. E. Fogelberg's 1844 marble statue Thor; Mårten Eskil Winge's 1872 painting Thor's Fight with the Giants; K. Ehrenberg's 1883 drawing Odin, Thor und Magni; several illustrations by E. Doepler published in Wilhelm Ranisch's 1901 Walhall (Thor; Thor und die Midgardschlange; Thor den Hrungnir bekämpfend; Thor bei dem Riesen Þrym als Braut verkleidet; Thor bei Hymir; Thor bei Skrymir; Thor den Fluß Wimur durchwatend); J. C. Dollman's 1909 drawings Thor and the Mountain and Sif and Thor; G. Poppe's painting Thor; E. Pottner's 1914 drawing Thors Schatten; H. Natter's marble statue Thor; and U. Brember's 1977 illustrations to Die Heimholung des Hammers by H. C. [66] Scholar Hilda Ellis Davidson summarizes: The cult of Thor was linked up with men's habitation and possessions, and with well-being of the family and community. Loki asks Thor why he is so angry, and comments that Thor will not be so daring to fight "the wolf" (Fenrir) when it eats Odin (a reference to the foretold events of Ragnarök). He was known as Thunor to the Anglo-Saxons, and Donar to the southern Germanic peoples. Thor Battling Giantsby Mårten Eskil Winge (Public Domain). In relation, Thunor is sometimes used in Old English texts to gloss Jupiter, the god may be referenced in the poem Solomon and Saturn, where the thunder strikes the devil with a "fiery axe", and the Old English expression þunnorad ("thunder ride") may refer to the god's thunderous, goat-led chariot. [32], Thor arrives and tells Loki to be silent, and threatens to rip Loki's head from his body with his hammer. In the Prose Edda, Thor is mentioned in all four books; Prologue, Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál, and Háttatal. Thor eats and drinks ferociously, consuming entire animals and three casks of mead. Thor is completely without guile or the capacity to deceive and so cannot recognize these qualities in others; as a result, he is often tricked by magical spells or shape-shifting entities which cause things to appear other than they are. In the end, Thor ends up walking instead. Thor was born to Odin and the jötunn Jörð, the Earth herself. Thor was the defender of Asgard, realm of the gods, and Midgard, the human realm, and is primarily associated with protection through great feats of arms in slaying giants. The gods decide that they would find suitable cauldrons at Ægir's home. At the thing, the god Heimdallr puts forth the suggestion that, in place of Freyja, Thor should be dressed as the bride, complete with jewels, women's clothing down to his knees, a bridal head-dress, and the necklace Brísingamen. The introduction of Christianity to Scandinavia, at first, did nothing to diminish the importance of Thor in people’s lives. Mark has lived in Greece and Germany and traveled through Egypt. However, Týr tells Thor that he may have a solution; east of Élivágar lives Hymir, and he owns such a deep kettle. Thor casts his line and the monstrous serpent Jörmungandr bites. Þrymr says that he has hidden Mjölnir eight leagues beneath the earth, from which it will be retrieved, but only if Freyja is brought to him as his wife. Scholar Preben Meulengracht Sørensen comments that Thor “was master of thunder and lightning, storm and rain, fair weather and crops, and the pagans sacrificed to him when threatened by hunger or disease” (Sawyer, 203). The place name Þórslundr is recorded with particular frequency in Denmark (and has direct cognates in Norse settlements in Ireland, such as Coill Tomair), whereas Þórshof appears particularly often in southern Norway. [41], In the poem Hyndluljóð, Freyja offers to the jötunn woman Hyndla to blót (sacrifice) to Thor so that she may be protected, and comments that Thor does not care much for jötunn women.[42]. Þrymr finds the behavior at odds with his impression of Freyja, and Loki, sitting before Þrymr and appearing as a "very shrewd maid", makes the excuse that "Freyja's" behaviour is due to her having not consumed anything for eight entire days before arriving due to her eagerness to arrive. [22], Henry Adams Bellows translation: Thor is actually a very obtuse, temperamental god and can swear a lot. In a long question and answer session, Alvíss does exactly that; he describes natural features as they are known in the languages of various races of beings in the world, and gives an amount of cosmological lore. When the Germanic peoples adopted the Roman calendar in the early centuries of the Common Era, they replaced the day called dies Iovis (“the day of Jupiter”) with Þonares dagaz, orThor’s day. He's also prone to smashing things. This kind of reassurance that Thor provided gave rise to his popular cult. During World War II, Thor was summoned by Adolf Hitler and mind-controlled with the Spear of Destiny into abducting President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill, but this plot was foiled by Justice Society members Doctor Fate and Green Lantern.
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