The Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral makes her name with her first collection. ), Chávin de Huántar becomes the centre of the first civilization of south America, Go to Chavín culture in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed. A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. ), Coffee replaces sugar as Brazil's main crop, accounting for more than 50% of exports in 1908, Go to cash crop in Later the two laid the foundations for the political unification of... Christopher Columbus was an explorer, colonizer, and navigator, born in the Republic of Genoa, in northwestern Italy. ), Bolívar resigns as president of Gran Colombia shortly before dying of tuberculosis, Sucre is assassinated on his journey home to Quito from a congress in Bogotá, Diego Portales begins a 30-year spell as Chile's conservative dictator, Panama becomes part of the newly independent republic of Colombia, Go to Panama (and Sri Lanka, USA) in ), President Salvador Allende appoints Augusto Pinochet commander-in-chief of the Chilean army and brings him into the cabinet, Go to Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto (b. 1507 “America” is first used in a ), John Strong, landing on some remote Atlantic islands, names them after Viscount Falkland, treasurer of the British navy, Go to Falkland Islands in A Guide to Countries of the World (3 ed. Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. 28 July 1938), Subject: Encyclopedias, Geographical reference. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. ), In the treaty of Breda, England keeps New Amsterdam and New Netherland, and Holland keeps the English-held territory of Surinam, Go to Anglo‐Dutch Wars in ), December 7 - Maximilian von Spee's squadron of cruisers is sunk by the British off the Falkland Islands, Go to Falklands, battle of the (1914) in Historians have rejected Menzies' theories and assertions a... Machu Picchu is a pre-Columbian Inca site located 2,430 metres (8,000 ft) above sea level. ), Pablo Escobar, leader of the Medellin drugs cartel in Colombia, is cornered and shot, Go to Medellín in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. South America's population increased rapidly during the 1950's and 1960's. After Allied forces defeated Germany in World War II, Europe became a difficult place to be associated with Adolph Hitler’s Third Reich. ), Augusto Pinochet, visiting Britain from Chile for medical treatment, is arrested on an extradition request from a Spanish judge, Marxist guerrillas in Colombia, in partnership with drug cartels, control much of the south of the country, Go to Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia in ), The first Portuguese governor general of Brazil selects Bahia (now Salvador) as his capital, Go to Bahia (Brazil) in A Dictionary of Business and Management (5 ed. Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed. 1536 Battle of Reynogüelén; 16th century — 17th or 18th century Arauco War; 1546 Battle of Quilacura; 1550 Battle of Andalien; 1550 Battle of Penco South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. c. 12,000 B.C. A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. Teachers & Schools. Argentinian author Jorge Luis Borges publishes his first collection of poems. ), Pedro I abdicates in Brazil and returns to Europe to recover his Portuguese throne (as Pedro IV), Britain ejects the Argentinians from the Falklands and begins the process of settlement with British farmers, Juan Manuel de Rosas becomes dictator of Argentina and imposes a brutally repressive conservative regime, Go to Rosas, Juan Manuel de (1793–1877) in The Oxford Companion to United States History (1 ed. ), San Martín enters Lima and proclaims Peruvian independence with himself as 'Protector', Bolívar defeats the Spanish at Carabobo and liberates, for the second time, his native city of Caracas, After defeating the Spanish at Pichincha, Antonio José de Sucre enters Quito and liberates Ecuador, Go to Sucre, Antonio José de (1795–1830) in ), Alfredo Stroessner seizes power in Paraguay, introducing three decades of repressive dictatorship, Go to Stroessner, Alfredo (3 Nov. 1912) in (c) Copyright Oxford University Press, 2013. Rivers & Oceans • Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. Spain and Portugal were two European powers that colonized most of South America. ), The election of Hipolito Irigoyen as president begins sixteen years of radical government in Argentina, Go to Irigoyen, Hipólito (1850–1933) in Commonly referred to as part of the Americas, like North America, South America is named afte... Tiwanaku is a Pre-Columbian archaeological site in western Bolivia near Lake Titicaca and one of the largest sites in South America. South America has a rich history and at the same time the part of history also includes severe exploitation. ), After an 800-mile journey in an open boat Ernest Shackleton returns to rescue his stranded colleagues in the South Shetlands, Go to Shackleton, Sir Ernest Henry (1874–1922) in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed. A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. Huastecas and other proto-Maya cultures in Mexico. The Nazca Lines are a series of ancient geoglyphs located in the Nazca Desert of Peru. A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (2 ed. ), The lost Inca city of Machu Picchu is reached by US archaeologist Hiram Bingham, Go to Bingham, Hiram (1875–1956) in ), 20-year-old Chilean poet Pablo Neruda publishes one of his best-known collections, Twenty Love Poems, A military coup removes Hipolito Irigoyen from the presidency in Argentina, Getúlio Vargas begins a 24-year personal rule in Brazil, Go to Vargas, Getúlio Dornelles (1883–1954) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed. A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. You could not be signed in, please check and try again. ), The Spanish, now in sole occupation of the Falkland Islands, call them Las Islas Malvinas, Buenos Aires rather than Asunción is chosen to be capital of the new Spanish viceroyalty of La Plata, Go to Buenos Aires (Argentina) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. 8 Oct. 1895) in The Oxford Companion to the Politics of the World (2 ed. Ojeda accompanied Christopher Columbus in his second voyage to the New World in 1493. ), British troops recapture Port Stanley, after which the Argentinian forces in the Falklands surrender, The leader of the Argentinian junta, Leopoldo Galtieri, resigns three days after the Falklands defeat, Argentinian footballer Diego Maradona is sold to Barcelona for a new record fee of about £3 million, almost double the highest previous figure, Go to Maradona, Diego (Armando) (1960– ) in ), After a decisive victory over the Chanca people, a young Inca prince seizes the throne in Peru and takes the name Pachacuti, Cuzco, city of the Incas, grows rapidly in power after Pachacuti ('transformer of the earth') becomes emperor, The massive architecture of the Incas, consisting of finely dressed irregular blocks of stone, becomes a feature of Cuzco, The most sacred of the Inca divinities, Punchao, is symbolized by a great golden disc representing the sun, The Chimu empire in Peru is conquered by the Incas under the leadership of Pachacuti's son Topa, Go to Topa Inca (1493) in A marvel of early 20th-century design, the United … A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. The 7 Most Notorious Nazis Who Escaped to South America. ), The independence of Argentina is formally proclaimed, dropping any pretence of remaining loyal to the Spanish king, San Martín and O'Higgins lead an army through the Andes into Chile and capture Santiago, Go to O'Higgins, Bernardo in The following timeline compiles numerous sources to lay out an incomplete history of U.S. military and economic intervention in El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala over the past century. The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance (1 ed. ), A civilian government, voted into power in Argentina, prosecutes members of the military junta for civil rights abuses, Drugs barons in Colombia murder the Minister of Justice, Rodrigo Lara Bonilla, to protect their trade, Go to Colombia in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. The Oxford Companion to World Exploration (1 ed. 25 Nov. 1915) in Throughout South America's early history of human inhabitants, it was widely an agrarian society, meaning that its residents survived off of the land, using staples such as fish and beans for food. ), A French expedition from St Malo, founding a colony on East Falkland, name the islands Les îsles Malouines, Go to Falkland Islands in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. ), Rich seams of silver are discovered at Potosi, in modern Bolivia, Go to Potosí in ), The potato is cultivated in the Peruvian Andes, Go to potato in The tools were primarily made of quartzite. In the decades following European contact, disease, enslavement and land seizure destroyed the advanced civilizations of the continent, both in the Andes and the Amazon regions, sending the surviving inhabitants back to a far simpler social organization. The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. ), The Argentinian cruiser General Belgrano is sunk by a British torpedo, with the loss of 368 lives, Go to Falklands war (1982) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. The Chilean poet Pablo Neruda publishes his epic account of South America and its people, … ), Complex societies, with sophisticated temple architecture, develop at sites such as Aspero and Caral in the Norte Chico region of Peru, Go to Aspero, Peru in By then, all of the Native American civilisations in South America had been conqured and the peoples were slaves. Europe • The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed. ), Royal-Dutch Shell begins to pump oil in Venezuela, launching the country as a major oil producer, Go to Venezuela in All Rights Reserved. A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. ), Bolívar marches his army across the Andes, captures Bogotá and proclaims the republic of Gran Colombia, Go to Colombia in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed. South Africa Timeline BCE. The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. ), Brazil becomes a Portuguese royal province, under the control of a governor general, Go to Brazil (and USA) in 1499 Amerigo Vespucci finds the South American Coast. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. ), Francis Drake seizes a Spanish vessel laden with gold and silver in the Pacific, formerly a safe area for Spain, Go to Drake, Sir Francis in Ancient America. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. ), Paraguayan dictator Alfredo Stroessner is toppled by Andrés Rodríguez, who restores democracy to the country, Carlos Menem is elected president of Argentina and introduces a free market economy, Go to Menem, Carlos Saul (2 July 1930) in , however, it 's best to recognize that Columbus was n't the human. 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